CLASS 9 FOOD SECURITY IN INDIA (ECONOMICS-4)


FOOD SECURITY IN INDIA
Food Security means
0       availability,
0       accessibility and
0       affordability of food to all people at all times.
Food Security is ensured in a country only if
v Enough food is available for all the persons  (food production within the country, food imports and the previous years stock stored in government granaries.)
v All persons have the capacity to buy food of acceptable quality (reach of every person) and
v There is no barrier on access to food.  An individual has enough money to buy sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet one's dietary needs.
Need of Food Security
0       For the poor sections of the society
0       Natural disasters or calamity like earthquake, drought, flood, tsunami,
0       Widespread crop failure due to drought
How drought affects food security?
Drought takes place > total production of foodgrains (decrease) > shortage of food in the affected areas > prices (increase) > Some people cannot afford to buy food = Food insecurity
Famine
A Famine is characterized by wide spread deaths due to starvation and epidemics caused by forced use of contaminated water or decaying food and loss of body resistance due to weakening from starvation.
0       A massive starvation might take a turn of famine.
0       A Famine is characterized by
1.     widespread deaths and
2.     epidemics
Starvation
0       If such calamity happens in a very wide spread area or is stretched over a longer time period, it may cause a situation of starvation.
Famines and Starvation Deaths in India
0       Bengal Famine, 1943 (the most devastating) -killed 1.5 million to 3 million
0       The Bihar famine, 1966-67 - 2,353 deaths due to starvation reported Starvation deaths have also been reported in:
1.     Kalahandi and Kashipur in Orissa
2.     Baran district of Rajasthan,
3.     Palamau district of Jharkhand and many other remote areas during the recent years.
Food Insecure Groups
Worst Affected Groups:
0       landless people
0       traditional artisans
0       traditional services providers
0       petty self-employed workers
0       Homeless, beggars etc.
0       Families employed in ill-paid occupations
0       Casual labourers (seasonal activities+ very low wages)
0       SCs, STs and some sections of the OBCs (lower castes among them) –having poor land-base or very low land productivity
0       Migrants ( as a result of natural disasters )
0       Women and children
States facing problem of food insecurity
0       Uttar Pradesh (eastern and south-eastern parts), Bihar,
0       Jharkhand,
0       Orissa,
0       West Bengal,
0       Chattisgarh,
0       parts of Madhya Pradesh and
0       Maharasthra
Hunger, another aspect of Food Insecurity
•         Chronic Hunger : Inadequate diet for a long time, Poor people suffer from chronic hunger
•         Seasonal Hunger :  Due agricultural activities-rural regions & urban areas- casual labour, When a person is unable to get work for the entire year
India’s attempts at attaining Food Security
Green Revolution: Food grain Production
‘Wheat, GreenRevolution’ in July 1968,1969
•      The highest rate of growth was achieved in Punjab and Haryana, where food grain production jumped from 7.23 million tones in 1964–65 to reach an all-time high of 30.33 million tonnes in 1995–96.
•      Production in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa and the northeastern states continued to     stagger.
•       Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh, on the other hand, recorded significant increases in rice yield.
     India’s food security system
Buffer stock + Public Distribution System
0       Buffer stock ? Buffer Stock is the stock of food grains, namely wheat and rice procured by the government through Food Corporation of India (FCI).
0       Minimum Support Price.
To distribute food grains in the deficit areas and among the poorer strata of society at a price lower than the market price also known as Issue Price.
How the Public Distribution System works:
Farmers/Producers > supply grains to FCI (maintain buffer stocks) > in MSP
FCI issues > grains > fair price shops (ration shops) in states.
Public Distribution System
•      The food procured by the FCI is distributed through government regulated ration shops among the poorer section of the society. This is called the
     public distribution system (PDS).
•      4.6 lakh ration shops all over the country.
•       Ration shops also known as Fair Price Shops
•      The introduction of Rationing in India dates back to the 1940s against the backdrop of the Bengal famine.
As reported by the NSSO in the mid-1970s, three important food intervention programmes were   introduced:
•      Public Distribution System (PDS) for food grains
•      Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)      (introduced in 1975)
•      Food-for-Work** (FFW) (introduced in 1977–78).
Government schemes
0       PDS (initial Public Distribution System scheme)
0       RPS (Revamped (refurnished/restored) Public Distribution System)
0       TPDS (Targeted Public Distribution System)
Special Schemes:
0       AAY (Antyodaya Anna Yojana)
0       APS (Annapurna Scheme)
Benefits from the PDS
0       Stabilizes prices of food grains
0       Makes food available at affordable prices
0       By supplying food from surplus regions of the country to the deficit ones, it helps in combating hunger and famine
0       Prices set with poor households in mind
0       Provides income security to farmers in certain regions
Problems faced by PDS
0       Problem of Hunger still exists in many areas of India
0       Food stock in granaries often above specified levels
0       Deterioration in quality of stored food grains if kept for longer time
0       High storage costs
0       Increase in MSP has led to shift from coarse grain to rice and wheat production among the farmers
0       Cultivation of rice has also led to environmental degradation and fall in the water level
0       Average consumption of PDS grain at the all-India level is very low
0       Malpractices on part of PDS dealers:
§  Diverting the grains to open market to get better margin,
§  Selling poor quality grains at ration shops,
§  Irregular opening of the shops
0       Low Income families earning just above poverty line have to pay APL rates which are almost equal to open market rates – lower incentive to buy from Fair Price Shops
Role of Cooperatives in food security
•      The cooperative societies set up shops to sell low priced goods to poor people.
•      Tamil Nadu, around 94 per cent are being run by the cooperatives.
•      In Delhi, Mother Dairy is making steps in selling the provision of milk and vegetables at a controlled rate.
•      Amul is another success story of cooperatives in milk and milk products from Gujarat.
•      In Maharashtra, Academy of Development Science (ADS)
•      They influence the government’s policy on food security and thus paying rich dividends.



Comments

  1. Yashraj yadavFebruary 6, 2020 at 7:29 AM

    Sir apne toh jan bacha li ab toh isi ko padh kar top karunga mei thanks Sir

    ReplyDelete

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